
\begingroup
\centering
\begin{tabular}{lcccccc}
   \toprule
    & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\makecell{Breakthrough patent \\ indicator \\ (mean = 0.17, sd = 0.38)}} & \multicolumn{3}{c}{\makecell{Technologies \\ per patent \\ (mean = 2.49, sd = 1.82)}}\\
\cmidrule(lr){2-4}  \cmidrule(lr){5-7}
                                                & (1)           & (2)           & (3)           & (4)           & (5)           & (6)\\  
   \midrule 
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel A: Least-squares estimates}} &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{}\\ \cmidrule(lr){1-7}
   Surname diversity of patent                  & 0.015$^{***}$ & 0.010$^{***}$ & 0.010$^{***}$ & 0.032$^{***}$ & 0.020$^{***}$ & 0.019$^{***}$\\   
                                                & (0.001)       & (0.001)       & (0.001)       & (0.005)       & (0.005)       & (0.005)\\   
    \\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel B: Reduced-form estimates}} &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-7}
   Predicted surname diversity                  & 0.010$^{**}$  & 0.008$^{**}$  &  & 0.039$^{***}$ & 0.032$^{**}$  &  \\
                                                & (0.004)       & (0.004)       &  & (0.015)       & (0.013)       &  \\
\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel C: Instrumental-variable estimates}} &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-7}
   Surname diversity of patent                  & 1.127$^{*}$   & 0.908$^{*}$   &  & 4.341$^{**}$  & 3.731$^{*}$   &  \\
                                                & (0.583)       & (0.520)       &  & (2.178)       & (2.022)       &  \\
\\
   Sanderson-Windmeijer \textit{F}-stat         & 10            & 9             &  & 10            & 9             &  \\
\\
\multicolumn{2}{l}{\textit{Panel D: First-stage estimates}} &  \multicolumn{5}{c}{}\\
\cmidrule(lr){1-7}
& \multicolumn{2}{c}{\makecell{Surname diversity \\ of patent}} & \\
\cmidrule(lr){2-3}
   Predicted surname diversity                  & 0.009$^{***}$ & 0.008$^{***}$ &  &  &  &  \\
                                                & (0.003)       & (0.003)       &  &  &  &  \\
    \\
   Team size fixed effects                      & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   County fixed effects                         & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  &               & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & \\  
   State-Period fixed effects                   & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  &               & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  & \\  
   Patent technology field-Period fixed effects &               & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$  &               & $\checkmark$  & $\checkmark$\\   
   County-Period fixed effects                  &               &               & $\checkmark$  &               &               & $\checkmark$\\   
   Observations                                 & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459     & 1,451,459\\  
   \bottomrule
\end{tabular}
\par\endgroup


